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| (1) Spiro ring systems Spiro ring systems share a single common atom. Hence the rings join at a single "point" The simplest example is the C5 system shown to the right.
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| (2) Fused ring systems Fused ring systems share two or more common atoms, hence the rings share one or more sides. The simplest polycyclic system is the C4 system shown to the right where the rings share two atoms (one common side).
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| (3) Bridged ring systems If there are more than two common atoms then the a "bridged" system is obtained. The simplest polycyclic system is the C4 system shown to the right where the rings contain three common atoms (two common sides).
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© Dr. Ian Hunt, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary | |