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| Acetal |
The product of the reaction of an aldehyde with excess alcohol |
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| Aldose |
A carbohydrate with an aldehyde in the open chain form. |
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| Anomeric center |
In the cyclic sugars, the C atom
with two C-O single bonds |
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| Anomeric effect |
A preference for polar substituents to be axial on the anomeric center |
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| Anomers |
Two stereoisomers due to different substituent arrangement at the anomeric
center |
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| Carbohydrate |
"carbon hydrates" = Cn(H2O)m
also referred to as sugars or saccharides |
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| Disaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of 2 monosaccharides units |
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| D-sugar |
Defines the stereochemistry at a specific chirality center
relative to that of glyceraldehyde |
| Fischer projection |
A stereochemical representation commonly used for carbohydrates |
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| Furanose |
The cyclic form of a sugar with a 5 membered ring |
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| Glycoside |
A carbohydrate where the -OH at the anomeric center has been substituted |
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| Glycosidic bond |
The bond that links the substituent to the anomeric center |
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| Hemi-acetal |
The product of the reaction of an aldehyde with one equivalent of an
alcohol |
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| Hemi-ketal |
The product of the reaction of a ketone with one equivalent of an alcohol |
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| Hexoses |
Carbohydrates containing 6 C atoms |
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| Ketal |
The product of the reaction of a ketone with excess alcohol |
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| Ketose |
A carbohydrate with a ketone in the open chain form. |
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| L-sugar |
Defines the stereochemistry at a specific chirality center
relative to that of glyceraldehyde |
| Monosaccharide |
A carbohydrate with a single carbohydrate unit |
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| Oligosaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of a "few" (3-10) monosaccharide units |
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| Pentoses |
Carbohydrates containing 5 C atoms |
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| Polysaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of a many (10+) monosaccharide units |
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| Pyranose |
The cyclic form of a sugar with a 6 membered ring |
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| Saccharide |
Another word for a carbohydrate |
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| Tetroses |
Carbohydrates containing 4 C atoms |
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